Khamis, 11 April 2013

Gastritis (Gastrik)


Gastritis describes a group of conditions with one thing in common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers. However, other factors — such as injury, regular use of certain pain relievers or drinking too much alcohol — also can contribute to gastritis.
Gastritis may occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or it can occur slowly over time (chronic gastritis). In some cases, gastritis can lead to ulcers and an increased risk of stomach cancer. For most people, however, gastritis isn't serious and improves quickly with treatment.

Symptoms


The signs and symptoms of gastritis include:
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  • A gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating
Gastritis doesn't always cause signs and symptoms.
When to see a doctor
Nearly everyone has experienced a bout of indigestion and stomach irritation. Most cases of indigestion are short-lived and don't require medical care. But if you experience signs and symptoms of gastritis consistently for a week or longer, see your doctor. And be sure to tell your doctor if you experience stomach problems after taking any prescription or over-the-counter drugs, especially aspirin or other pain relievers.
If you are vomiting blood, you have blood in your stools or your stool appears black, see your doctor right away to determine the cause.

Causes


Gastritis usually develops when your stomach's protective layer becomes weakened or damaged. A mucus-lined barrier protects the wall of your stomach from the acids that help digest your food. Weaknesses in the barrier allow your digestive juices to damage and inflame your stomach lining. A number of diseases and conditions can make your stomach's protective layer vulnerable to damage and increase your risk of gastritis.
Gastritis can occur suddenly or develop over weeks and months:
  • Acute gastritis is stomach inflammation that develops quickly and lasts for a short period of time.
  • Chronic gastritis develops gradually and may last for an extended period of time.

Risk factors


Factors that increase your risk of gastritis include:
  • Bacterial infection. People infected with Helicobacter pylori can experience gastritis — most commonly chronic gastritis. Half the world's population is thought to be infected with this bacterium, which is thought to pass from person to person. But the majority of those infected don't experience any complications of H. pylori infection. In some people, H. pylori may break down the stomach's inner protective coating, causing changes in the stomach's lining. The reason why some people experience complications from H. pylori infection, such as gastritis and ulcers, and others don't isn't clear. However, doctors believe vulnerability to the bacterium could be inherited or it could be caused by lifestyle choices, such as smoking and high stress levels.
  • Regular use of pain relievers. Common pain relievers, such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox), can cause both acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. Using these pain relievers regularly or taking too much of these drugs may reduce a key substance that helps preserve the protective lining of your stomach. Stomach problems are less likely to develop if you take pain relievers only occasionally.
  • Older age. Older adults have an increased risk of gastritis because the stomach lining tends to thin with age and because older adults are more likely to have H. pylori infection or autoimmune disorders than younger people are.
  • Excessive alcohol use. Alcohol can irritate and erode your stomach lining, which makes your stomach more vulnerable to digestive juices. Excessive alcohol use is more likely to cause acute gastritis.
  • Stress. Severe stress due to major surgery, injury, burns or severe infections can cause acute gastritis.
  • Bile reflux disease. Bile — a substance that helps you digest fats — is produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When it's released from the gallbladder, bile travels to your small intestine through a series of thin tubes. Normally, a ring-like sphincter muscle (pyloric valve) prevents bile from flowing into your stomach from your small intestine. But if this valve doesn't work properly, or if it has been surgically removed, bile can flow into your stomach, leading to gastritis.
  • Your own body attacking cells in your stomach. Called autoimmune gastritis, this type of gastritis occurs when your body attacks the cells that make up your stomach lining. This produces a reaction by your immune system that can wear away at your stomach's protective barrier. Autoimmune gastritis is more common in people with other autoimmune disorders, including Hashimoto's disease and type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune gastritis can also be associated with vitamin B-12 deficiency.
  • Other diseases and conditions. Gastritis may be associated with other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohn's disease and parasitic infections.

Complications


Left untreated, gastritis may lead to stomach ulcers and stomach bleeding. Some forms of chronic gastritis may increase your risk of stomach cancer, especially if you have extensive thinning of the stomach lining and changes in the lining's cells.
Tell your doctor if your signs and symptoms aren't improving despite treatment for gastritis.


Akibat Nila Seitik Rosak Susu Sebelanga

Semalam, hati ini cukup terguris dengan seseorang yang mempunyai gelaran yng amat dihormati oleh semua lapisan masyarakat kerana tanggungjawab yg digalasnya adalah amat besar dan jasanya amat dihargai.

Namun, ada segelintir daripadanya tidak bersikap sewajarnya....mencalarkan gelaran tersebut...ibarat kata peribahasa, akibat nila setitik rosak susu sebelanga...inilah yg terjadi..hingga ke saat inimasih lagi terngiang2 kata-kata yang diungkapkan..masih terbayng2 dan berlegar2 akan riak wajahnya ketika mengungkapkan setiap patah kata...

Maruah diri ini terasa diperkecilkan dan direndah2kan...segala kenyataan dan apa sahaja yg terhidangkan di depanya di perlekehkan seolah2 itu sumua dusta dan tidak bermakna....sunguh tidak adil...sungguh tidak wajar beliau bersikap begitu...bkn shj terhadap aku malah thdp org lan...

Akibatnya, aku melalui hari ini dengan rasa sedih dan tidak dapat melupakan apa yang terjadi semalam..aku rasa down sangat...dengan keadaan diri yang masih tidak sihat lagi memburukkan keadaan...hilang rasa respect aku terhadap beliau...

Bukan aku minta dan sengaja untuk melangkah kesitu..atas sebab musabab yang kukuh menyebabkan aku membawa diri kesitu...namun, apabila beliau memperlekehkan segalanya...malah seolah2 menuduhkan aku seolah2 sengaja mewujudkan situasi itu..aku rasa cukup terhina...

Ini lah manusia...manusia yg merasakan dia berkuasa dan dia pakar...maka apa yg kita perkatakan tidak diambil endah...mungkin setelah sesuatu berlaku atau terjadi barulah dia menyesali...

Khamis, 4 April 2013

Perubahan

salam...
Sejak keluar hospital baru ni...aku perasan terdapat beberapa habit aku yg berubah....dulu aku paling xgemar minum air koso g sama ada suam atau sejuk...sekarang ni, minum air suam seperti satu nikmat rasanya...selain itu, sekarang ni aku gemar sgt mkn megi...sedangkan aku xsuka sgt coz tiap kali mkn megi kepala mesti pening dan rasa mual...pelik sungguh...

Isnin, 1 April 2013

Aku Hamba Yang Lemah

Salam...

Menggigil satu badan bila terima sms dr seseorang..orang yg tlh lama membenci diri ini..tak tahu dimana silapnya...kenapa aku yang dipersalahkan..kenapa mereka hanya mendengar dan mengiyakan sebelah pihak sahaja...

Selama ini aku hanya berdiam..tidak aku ceritakan segala perit dan pahit yang aku lalui dan telan..aku simpan  demi menjaga maruah seseorang..dan pada aku ianya terlalu peribadi utk diceritakan..namun dengan bertindak sedemikian, ramai pihak yang tidak memahami..malah menyalah ertikan..

Hari ini dan kali ini, hati ini terluka dan terguris lagi...org lain yang buat hal..aku jugak yang kena tanggung dan hadap semua ini...sedangkan org yg spttnya bertanggungjawab terhadap hal tersebut langsung tidak mempamerkan rasa bersalah...bukan sekali tetapi berkali2..

Ya Allah, hari ini menitis lagi air mata ini..tertekan rasanya...hambamu ini terasa amat lemah sekali..longlai kaki ni nak melangkah sewajtu ingin pulang dari pejabat tadi...kecewanya hati ini tidak terperi...tidak tahu bagaimana inigin diluahkan...

Ya Allah, aku telah berusaha sedaya upaya uyk berpura-pura dihadapannya..seolah-olah tidak ada apa yang terjadi..aku mohon pada mu agar diberikan kekuatan utk meneruskan lakonan ini...hambamu ini dah penat utk bertegang urat...

Mereka hanya nampak aku saja yang bersalah didalam semua hal yang terjadi...aku sahaja yang lemah..sedangkan puncanya adalah dari orang lain...orang yang paling rapat dengan mereka...aku redha dengan dugaan mu ini Ya Allah...aku mohon kau berikanlah kekuatan dan ketabahan dalam mengharungi kehidupan ini demi anak2...